Physical Activity Participation Among Children and Youth with Disabilities: A Multi-Case Study of Implementation Strategies

Background: Children and youth with disabilities are less engaged in physical activity (PA) compared to their peers, necessitating effective municipal policies and initiatives to counter this gap.

Purpose: This study evaluates municipal practices in the implementation of PA programs for children and youth with disabilities.

Methods: In this qualitative multiple-case study, we explored five larger Danish municipalities, each with populations ranging from 80,000 to 200,000 residents, to understand the breadth of practices. We conducted 28 individual and 7 group interviews across various departments and included a review of local policy documents. Our thematic analysis was informed by Søren Winter’s integrated implementation model and Jody Gittell’s theory of relational coordination.

Results: We found that implementing PA for children and youth with disabilities involves multiple sectors and actors, presenting complex challenges. Policies that focus on adapted sports and recreation — activities tailored to individuals with disabilities – can significantly influence both organizational and interorganizational behavior. Moreover, the role of coordinating consultants, as central figures in PA implementation, is crucial, although municipal support systems require further development.

Conclusions: The key role of municipalities in promoting PA opportunities for children and youth with disabilities is clear. However, the need for enhanced, inclusive PA options persists.

Practical Implications: We introduce a phase-oriented guide to assist municipalities in implementing sustainable PA initiatives, integrating various administrative sectors and community actors within educational and recreational settings.

Funding: The study is supported by the Foundation Bevica Fonden.