Embedding physical activity in local policy: a Bradford District (UK) case study

Background: Supportive policy is an important component of a whole systems approach to increasing physical activity and reducing inequalities. There is a growing body of literature surrounding the design and effectiveness of national policy approaches to physical activity, but evidence related to local-level approaches is lacking.
Purpose: To examine ‘what works’, and identify mechanisms and contextual factors underpinning change, related to work to embed physical activity in local policy and practice in Bradford, UK.
Methods: A mixed-methods case study approach involved collecting data from cross-sectoral stakeholders directly or indirectly involved in the physical activity agenda in Bradford over a period of three years (2021-2024). Data collection included focus groups, semi-structured interviews, Ripple Effects Mapping workshops, researcher observations of key workshops and meetings, and surveys at two time-points (December 2021 and January 2024). Data was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results: Four themes embody conditions that appear to be critical for working towards PA being embedded in local policy & practice within the Bradford District. These include co-productive working, collaboration within and across organisations, leadership & governance processes, and a learning culture. Co-producing a district-wide strategy for physical activity was key to facilitating shared ownership of the physical activity agenda across different levels of the system, and for supporting and maintaining cross-sectoral collaboration. On average, survey respondents connected with four more local organizations in relation to the physical activity agenda in January 2024 than in December 2021.
Conclusions: Taking a partnership approach is key to embedding physical activity into policy and practice at a local level.
Practical implications: System leaders across health and social care, public health, sport and culture, and other relevant sectors should work in partnership to maximise the development and implementation of local physical activity policy.
Funding: This research is supported by Sport England Local Delivery Pilot funding.