Body-related self-conscious emotions and physical activity among young women: A longitudinal study

Background: Conceptual and theoretical links between self-conscious emotions (shame, guilt, envy, embarrassment, authentic and hubristic pride) and physical activity are increasingly documented. Furthermore, self-conscious emotions contextualized to fitness and appearance modalities of body image have unique implications for physical activity behaviour. Body-related self-conscious emotions (BSCE) get worse among youth, and yet the longer-term impacts of BSCE on physical activity are unknown. This is particularly important during times of transition, such as emerging adulthood. Purpose: This study explored the association between BCSE and physical activity [moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) and resistance training] among young women during adolescence and into early adulthood. Methods: Women (N=123) completed self-report surveys capturing BSCE annually for 4 years (Mage=14-18 years) and a follow-up survey including BCSE and physical activity 4 years later (Mage=22 years). Controlling for age and weight perception, main regression models tested BSCE as predictors of MVPA and resistance training. Results: Appearance and fitness emotions generally got worse during adolescence. Fitness BSCE during adolescence were significantly (p < .05) stronger predictors for MVPA and resistance training 4 years later (lower shame, guilt, embarrassment, and higher authentic and hubristic pride; R2=.08-.16) compared to appearance BSCE. Appearance pride was the only predictor of higher MVPA and resistance training. In early adulthood, all fitness BSCE except envy were significant cross-sectional correlates of MVPA and RT, with nuanced strengths of associations observed. Conclusions: Overall, these findings highlight the potential long-term effects of negative and positive BSCE on physical activity during a contentious developmental period. The consistent strength of association between appearance-focused pride and physical activity also requires further attention. Practical Implications: Intervention strategies addressing these fitness and appearance emotions during adolescence, and in the transition to early adulthood, are needed. Funding: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs Program.