A Systematic Review of Associations Between Sedentary Behaviours, Physical Activity and Mental Health Among Adolescents

Background: Available evidence regarding activity behaviours and mental health among adolescents has focused primarily on physical activity (PA) and negative mental health outcomes such as anxiety, or more commonly, depression. An emerging field of research is determining associations between sedentary behaviours and screen-time, and worse mental health symptoms in adolescents. However, mixed results occur when type and context of the sedentary behaviour and screen-time is considered. Furthermore, the association between PA and sedentary behaviour and screen-time with positive mental health is relatively unknown. Establishing what is known on the synergistic or independent associations of sedentary behaviour, screen-time and PA with mental health is imperative for future research.
Purpose: This review synthesised the available evidence on individual and joint associations between sedentary behaviours, screen-time, PA, and positive and negative mental health outcomes in adolescents.
Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsychINFO, PsychARTICLES electronic databases was conducted in March to May 2021. Twelve independent researchers took part in the selection process using predefined inclusion criteria. Studies were included if they included either or both PA and sedentary behaviour or screen-time data and at least one mental health outcome (depression, anxiety, or positive mental health) in adolescents. A narrative synthesis of observational studies was conducted.
Results: Thirty-six original articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. There was a limited number of articles considering sedentary behaviour or screen-time in the context of PA levels (and vice-versa). Evidence on positive mental health was nearly non-existent.
Conclusions: Ultimately, this review highlighted that a critical gap in the field is apparent.
Practical implications: Considering the association of these exposures together may lead to a better understanding of the optimal ‘dose’ of PA, sedentary behaviour and screen-time to buffer negative mental health effects.
Funding: N/A